Understanding Sciatica
Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve is irritated or compressed, usually by a disc problem in the lower spine. It causes characteristic pain running from the buttock down the leg.
Common Symptoms
- Pain radiating from the lower back into the buttock and leg
- Numbness, tingling or pins and needles
- Weakness in the leg or foot
- Pain that worsens with sitting or coughing
Common Causes
- Herniated (slipped) disc pressing on a nerve
- Spinal stenosis (narrowing)
- Piriformis syndrome
- Degenerative changes in the spine
How Assessment Works
Assessment includes history, neurological examination of strength, sensation and reflexes, and MRI where indicated to identify the source of nerve compression.
Treatment Options
- Physiotherapy and exercise
- Pain management and medications
- Activity modification
- Ultrasound-guided pain procedures where appropriate
- Specialist referral for persistent or severe cases
When to Seek Specialist Care
Seek specialist care if sciatica is severe, persists beyond a few weeks, worsens, or is accompanied by significant leg weakness, numbness or bladder/bowel changes.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does sciatica last?
Most episodes improve over weeks to months with conservative care. A specialist assessment is advisable if symptoms are severe, persistent or worsening.
When is sciatica an emergency?
Seek urgent care if you develop significant leg weakness, loss of sensation around the saddle area, or bladder/bowel problems, as these may indicate serious nerve compression.