Understanding Shoulder Instability
Instability ranges from a sensation of looseness to recurrent dislocation. It often follows an initial traumatic dislocation but can also develop from naturally loose ligaments.
Common Symptoms
- A feeling that the shoulder will 'slip out'
- Recurrent dislocation or subluxation (partial dislocation)
- Pain and apprehension during certain movements
- Weakness or loss of confidence in the arm
Common Causes
- Traumatic dislocation (e.g. during sport or a fall)
- Ligament laxity or naturally loose joints
- Previous injury damaging the labrum or capsule
- Repetitive overhead activity
How Assessment Works
Assessment includes the history of dislocations, examination of stability and apprehension, and MRI or CT imaging to evaluate damage to the labrum, capsule or bone.
Treatment Options
- Physiotherapy to strengthen the stabilising muscles
- Activity modification and avoidance of high-risk movements
- Bracing during sport in selected cases
- Stabilisation surgery for recurrent dislocation
When to Seek Specialist Care
Seek specialist care after a dislocation, if you have recurrent instability, or if the shoulder feels unreliable during activity. Early assessment helps prevent further episodes and joint damage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will shoulder instability keep happening?
Recurrence depends on age, activity and the damage from the first dislocation. A specialist assessment helps estimate your risk and the most appropriate management.
Does shoulder instability need surgery?
Not always. Many cases improve with physiotherapy. Surgery is considered for recurrent dislocation or significant structural damage.